Ruby Proc
Proc
Proc objects are blocks of code that have been bound to a set of local variables. Once bound, the code may be called in different contexts and still access those variables.
def gen_times(factor)
return Proc.new {|n| n*factor }
end
times3 = gen_times(3)
times5 = gen_times(5)
times3.call(12) #=> 36
times5.call(5) #=> 25
times3.call(times5.call(4)) #=> 60
Another two ways to define Proc
return Proc.new {|n| n*factor }
OR
return proc {|n| n*factor}
Or
return lambda {|n| n*factor}
Some of the functions:
call,lambda?,parameters,arity
##call ##
Invokes the block, setting the block’s parameters to the values in params using something close to method calling semantics. Generates a warning if multiple values are passed to a proc that expects just one (previously this silently converted the parameters to an array). Note that prc.() invokes prc.call() with the parameters given. It’s a syntax sugar to hide “call”.
[]
the same as call
a_proc = Proc.new {|a, *b| b.collect {|i| i*a }}
a_proc.call(9, 1, 2, 3) #=> [9, 18, 27]
a_proc[9, 1, 2, 3] #=> [9, 18, 27]
a_proc = lambda {|a,b| a}
a_proc.call(1,2,3)
lambda?
Returns true for a Proc object for which argument handling is rigid. Such procs are typically generated by lambda.
lambda {}.lambda? #=> true
proc {}.lambda? #=> false
parameters → array
Returns the parameter information of this proc.
prc = lambda{|x, y=42, *other|}
prc.parameters #=> [[:req, :x], [:opt, :y], [:rest, :other]]
arity → fixnum
| Returns the number of arguments that would not be ignored. If the block is declared to take no arguments, returns 0. If the block is known to take exactly n arguments, returns n. If the block has optional arguments, return -n-1, where n is the number of mandatory arguments. A proc with no argument declarations is the same a block declaring | as its arguments. |
Proc.new {}.arity #=> 0
Proc.new {||}.arity #=> 0
Proc.new {|a|}.arity #=> 1
Proc.new {|a,b|}.arity #=> 2
Proc.new {|a,b,c|}.arity #=> 3
Proc.new {|*a|}.arity #=> -1
Proc.new {|a,*b|}.arity #=> -2
Proc.new {|a,*b, c|}.arity #=> -3
curry → a_proc
Returns a curried proc. If the optional arity argument is given, it determines the number of arguments. A curried proc receives some arguments. If a sufficient number of arguments are supplied, it passes the supplied arguments to the original proc and returns the result. Otherwise, returns another curried proc that takes the rest of arguments.
b = proc {|x, y, z| (x||0) + (y||0) + (z||0) }
p b.curry[1][2][3] #=> 6
p b.curry[1, 2][3, 4] #=> 6
p b.curry(5)[1][2][3][4][5] #=> 6
p b.curry(5)[1, 2][3, 4][5] #=> 6
p b.curry(1)[1] #=> 1
b = proc {|x, y, z, *w| (x||0) + (y||0) + (z||0) + w.inject(0, &:+) }
p b.curry[1][2][3] #=> 6
p b.curry[1, 2][3, 4] #=> 10
p b.curry(5)[1][2][3][4][5] #=> 15
p b.curry(5)[1, 2][3, 4][5] #=> 15
p b.curry(1)[1] #=> 1
b = lambda {|x, y, z| (x||0) + (y||0) + (z||0) }
p b.curry[1][2][3] #=> 6
p b.curry[1, 2][3, 4] #=> wrong number of arguments (4 for 3)
p b.curry(5) #=> wrong number of arguments (5 for 3)
p b.curry(1) #=> wrong number of arguments (1 for 3)
b = lambda {|x, y, z, *w| (x||0) + (y||0) + (z||0) + w.inject(0, &:+) }
p b.curry[1][2][3] #=> 6
p b.curry[1, 2][3, 4] #=> 10
p b.curry(5)[1][2][3][4][5] #=> 15
p b.curry(5)[1, 2][3, 4][5] #=> 15
p b.curry(1) #=> wrong number of arguments (1 for 3)
b = proc { :foo }
p b.curry[] #=> :foo
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